ODRL V2.0 - Common Vocabulary

Working Draft: 18 February 2011

This version:
https://odrl.net/2.0/WD-ODRL-Vocab-20110218.html
Latest version:
https://odrl.net/2.0/WD-ODRL-Vocab.html
Previous version:
https://odrl.net/2.0/WD-ODRL-Vocab-20101019.html
Editors:
Susanne Guth, Vodafone, susanne.guthATvodafone.com
Renato Iannella, Semantic Identity, riATsemanticidentity.com

Abstract

This document contains the ODRL Version 2.0 Common Vocabulary Specification. The Common Vocabulary provides basic vocabulary and its semantics for the ODRL policy expression language. Any or all of the vocabulary terms may be used by communities to form their own profiles to meet their particular requirements. The consistent reuse of these terms will lead to greater interoperability across communities. This document was called the "data dictionary" in earlier ODRL versions [ODRL-11] and refines/expands on that vocabulary.

Status of this document

This is the seventh public Working Draft of the ODRL V2.0 Common Vocabulary Specification document produced by the ODRL Version 2.0 Working Group.

The ODRL Initiative publishes a Working Draft for review by working group members and other interested parties. The ODRL Version 2.0 Working Group expects to advance this document to a Draft Specification once the Working Group is satisfied the vocabulary has broad consensus and demonstrated at least two interoperable implementations.

Comments on this document should be sent to editors and discussion of this document takes place on the public working group mailing list archived at https://odrl.net/pipermail/odrl-version2_odrl.net/.

This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than "work in progress". Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the ODRL Initiative.

This document uses the following visual indicators for substantial differences from the previous version:

Table of contents


1. Overview

The ODRL policy language has benefited from a robust underlying information model that has captured its semantics and provided extensibility paths for various communities. The Common Vocabulary specifies the terms (vocabulary) used by the Core Model [ODRL-MODEL] for policy expression needs.

The Common Vocabulary includes additional semantics and meets requirements gathered from the wider community, the latest research on access control, obligation management, privacy, social networks, publishers, as well as the past experiences in implementations and research of ODRL. The complete requirements for the Version 2.0 Model are documented [ODRL-REQ].

The vocabulary utilises the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in accordance to [RFC-2119]. These words are used in lowercase in this document.

2. ODRL Common Vocabulary

The Common Vocabulary offers a wide range of vocabulary terms for the expression of Types, Permissions, Prohibitions, Constraints, and Duties over assets. Additional and/or different semantics may be defined in ODRL Profiles (see also Section 3 Profiles ) for particular ODRL application areas defined by industry and community sectors.

All terms of the Common Vocabulary are related to specific entities of the Core Model [ODRL-MODEL]:

The identifier for each term is unique method to refer to the semantics in specific encoding schemes (eg XML, RDF etc). In some cases the term may have two identifiers in which case they are considered semantically equivalent.

2.1 Policy Types

Vocabulary terms in this section may be used as the "type" of the Policy Entity.


Table 1: Terms for the entity Type of the Policy Entity
Identifier Semantics Comment
agreement Policy expressions that are formal contracts (or licenses) stipulating all the terms of usage and all the parties involved. Must contain at least the Party entity with Assigner role and a Party with Assignee role. The latter being granted the terms of the Agreement from the former.
offer Policy expressions that propose terms of usage from an Asset owner Must contain a Party entity with Assigner role. The Offer may contain a Party entity with Assignee role, but does not grant any privileges to that Party.
privacy Policy expressions that stipulate the terms of usage over personal information. Must contain at least the Party entity with Assigner role and a Party with Assignee role. Must also contain a Duty on the assignee related to obligations towards managing the assigner's Asset containing personal information. The Assignee is being granted the terms of the Privacy policy from the Assigner.
request Policy expressions that propose terms of usage to an Asset owner Must contain a Party entity with Assignee role. The Request may also contain the Party entity with Assigner role if this is known. No privileges are granted to any Party.
set Policy expressions that consists of entities from the complete model The Set is aimed at scenarios where there is an open criteria for the semantics of the policy expressions and typically refined by other systems/profiles that process the information at a later time. No privileges are granted to any Party.
ticket Policy expressions that stipulate the terms of usage and is redeemable by any Party who currently holds the Ticket in their possession May contain the Party entity with Assigner role and the Party entity with Assignee role. A Ticket (or Voucher) may be anonymous or personalised, where the holder of that Ticket may remain unknown or has to be identified. The holder, or if known, the Assignee, is being granted the terms of the Ticket from the Assigner (in known).

2.2 Actions

Vocabulary terms in this section may be used as the "name" of the Action entity for Permissions, Prohibitions , and Duties.


Table 2: Terms for the entity Action
Identifier Semantics Comment
acceptTracking The act of accepting that the use of the asset may be recorded The collected information may be tracked by the assigner, or may link to a Party with role function "trackingParty".
adhocShare The act of sharing the asset to parties in close proximity to the owner This action may be used to express [OMA] Sharing semantics.
aggregate The act of using the asset (or parts of it) as part of a composite collection
annotate The act of adding notations/commentaries to the asset A new asset is created including the annotations.
anonymize The act of anonymising the asset For example, to remove identifying particulars for statistical or other purposes.
append
The act of appending to the asset
For example, the ability to add record to a database (the asset)
archive The act of persistently storing the asset Constraints may be used for temporal conditions.
attachPolicy The act of keeping the policy notice with the asset May link to an Asset which is the Policy to attach. This action may be used to express [CC] Sharing semantics.
attachSource The act of attaching the source of the asset and its derivatives May link to an Asset which represents the source of the asset. This action may be used to express [CC] Source Code semantics.
attribute The act of attributing the asset to a party. Typically used as a Duty. May link to an Asset with the attribution information. May link to a Party with role function "attributedParty".
concurrentUse
The act of multiple concurrent use of the asset
This action may be used to express [ONIX] Concurrent Users semantics.
commercialize The act of using the asset in a business environment The asset may be traded for profit.
copy
reproduce
The act of making an exact reproduction of the asset This action may be used to express [CC] Reproduction semantics.
delete The act of permanently removing the asset When used as a Duty means all copies removed.
derive
modify
The act of creating a new derivative asset from the asset This action may be used to express [CC] Derivative works semantics.
digitize The act of digitizing the asset from its original form Typically, the original asset would be in analogue form.
display
present
The act of making a transient visible rendering of the asset For example; displaying an image on a screen.
distribute The act of publicly distributing, displaying and/or performing the asset This action may be used to express [CC] Distribution semantics.
ensureExclusivity The act of requiring the Assigner to ensure the Permission on the asset is unique to the Assignee Typically used as a Duty in which the Assigner is the same as the Assignee and is obliged to ensure the Permission granted is exclusive.
execute
present
The act of executing the asset For example; machine executable code or Java such as a game or application.
export
transform
The act of transforming the asset into a new form Typically used to convert the asset into a different format for consumption/transfer on a third-party system and may also include the conversion of the policy.
extract The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged parts of the asset For reuse along with, or within, another asset, or to stand alone.
This action may be used to express [ONIX] Copy/Paste semantics.
extractChar
The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged character(s) from the asset
This action may be used to express [ONIX] CopyPaste Character semantics.
extractWord
The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged word(s) from the asset
This action may be used to express [ONIX] CopyPaste Word semantics.
extractPage
The act of extracting (replicating) unchanged page(s) from the asset
This action may be used to express [ONIX] CopyPaste Page semantics.
give The act of giving away the asset in perpetuity without exchange of value Ownership is transferred to the recipient. The original asset must be deleted by the owner.
include
The act of including other related assets to fulfill the function
For example; Bio picture must be included in the attribution. Use of the Asset relation attribute is required.
index The act of indexing the asset into a collection of assets For example; to include the asset in a search engine database.
inform The act of informing a party of uses of the asset Typically used as a Duty. May link to a Party with role function "informedParty".
install The act of loading the asset onto storage device ready for operation
lease The act of making available the asset to a third-party for a fixed period of time with exchange of value During this period, the asset is only available by the third-party. Temporal constraints may be used. Next Policy is recommended for the third-party.
lend The act of making available the asset to a third-party for a fixed period of time without exchange of value During this period, the asset is only available by the third-party. Temporal constraints may be used. Next Policy is recommended for the third-party.
move The act of moving the asset After the asset has been moved, the original copy must be deleted.
nextPolicy
The act of specifying an asset (which must be a Policy) as the Policy terms for third-party use of the asset
Typically used as a Duty to indicate the policy terms for downstream use of the asset. If the asset is modified (eg translated) as an outcome of the original Policy, then the Next Policy applies to the derived asset.
obtainConsent The act of requiring explicit consent from a party to perform the action on the asset Typically used as a Duty for the asset owners to decide on a case-by-case basis. May link to a Party with role function "consentingParty".
pay The act of paying a financial amount to a party for use of the asset Must link to an Asset which represents the amount of the payment. The payer is the Assignee and the Payee is the Assigner of the policy or, if specified, a new Party with role function "payeeParty".
play
present
The act of rendering the asset into audio and/or video form For example; playing a movie file.
preview The act of providing a short preview of the asset For example; the first 5 minutes of a movie.
print The act of rendering the asset onto paper or hard copy form For example; creating a permanent, fixed (static), and directly perceivable representation of the asset.
read
The act of reading the asset
For example, the ability to read a record from a database (the asset)
reviewPolicy The act of performing a manual review of the terms associated with the asset Used when human intervention is required to review the policy. May link to an Asset which represents the policy information.
secondaryUse The act of using the asset for a purpose other than the purpose it was intended for For example, for marketing or profiling purposes.
shareAlike The act of distributing any derivative asset under the same terms as the original asset This action may be used to express [CC] Share-a-like semantics.
sell The act of trading the asset in exchange of value Next Policy is recommended for the third-party
share The act of the non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the asset to third-parties This action may be used to express [CC] Sharing semantics.
textToSpeech
The act of a system reading the text of the asset out loud
This action may be used to express [ONIX] Text to Speech semantics.
translate The act of translating the asset into a new natural language A new asset is created.
uninstall The act of unloading the asset from storage device The asset is not longer accessible.
watermark The act of applying a watermark to the asset A linked asset may indicate the watermark to apply.
write
The act of writing to the asset
For example, the ability to write a record to a database (the asset)

2.3 Constraints

The Constraint entity has three attributes: name, operator and rightOperand. For example, to express that a Print Permission is constraint by a maximum of 10 times, create a Constraint entity where:

name = count
operator = lteq
rightOperand = 10

In the attribute "rightOperand" of the Constraint Entity, standard data types such as Integer, Real, Sting, URI, etc. may be used.

Vocabulary terms in the below table may be used as the attribute "name" of the Constraint Entity.


Table 3: Terms for the attribute "name" of the entity Constraint
Identifier Semantics Comment
absolutePosition A point defined with absolute coordinates For example, JPEG image must be positioned at 100x100 pixel location. This may be used to express [PLUS] semantics.
absoluteSize The absolute dimension that the Asset may be resized For example, JPEG image must be reproduced onto an area no larger than A0. This may be used to express [PLUS] semantics.
count
The numeric count indicating the number of times the corresponding entity may be exercised
Should be a positive integer
This action may be used to express [ONIX] Times semantics.
dateTime
The date (and optional time and timezone) representing a point in time or period
Date and Time value must conform to [ISO-8601] as represented in [W3CXMLSCHEMA].
fileFormat The file format applicable to the Asset For example, this may be used to express [PLUS] semantics; only JPEG image may be distributed.
industry The defined industry sector applicable to the asset usage For example, publishing, financial.
language The natural language applicable to the asset usage For example, this may be used to express [PLUS] semantics; JPEG image may only be reproduced with Spanish text. Must use [BCP-47] codes.
deliveryChannel The delivery channel used for storing or communicating the asset For example, the asset may be distributed only on mobile networks.
elapsedTime
A period of time in which the policy action can be exercised.
The start of the period is when the action is first exercised.
event Specification of a defined event applicable to the asset usage For example, asset may be used at the "FIFA World Cup" only.
To express events related to undertaking Duties, a specific event value has been defined:
  • policyUsage - the time period whilst the policy is being exercised
This will enable constraints to be expressed such as "event lt o:policyUsage" indicating before the policy is exercised.
media The media type in which the asset may be used
For example, electronic, print, advertising, marketing. This may be used to express [PLUS] semantics.
meteredTime The maximum period of metered usage time Value must conform to [ISO-8601] as represented in [W3CXMLSCHEMA]. For example "P30H" indicates a 30 hour period.
percentage
The amount (as a percentage) of the action applicable to the asset
A numeric value from 0 to 100. For example, extract a maximum of 50% of the asset
product The specified Product or Service name For example, this may be used to express [PLUS] semantics; images may only be reproduced in the XYZ Magazine.
proximity An value indicating the closeness or nearness This may be used to express [OMA] Proximity semantics.
purpose Specification of a defined purpose applicable to the asset usage For example, educational use. [P3P] Purpose values may also be used.
relativePosition A point defined with reference to another position For example, this may be used to express [PLUS] semantics; JPEG image must be positioned at the Top of the Page.
relativeSize The relative dimension that the Asset may be resized For example, this may be used to express [PLUS] semantics; JPEG image resized to maximum of 200%.
resolution The resolution at which the asset may be used For example, may be printed at 1200dpi.
spatial A code representing a geospatial area The code value and code source must be represented. For example, the ISO-3166 Country Codes and the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
A URI should be used to represent this value.
timedCount The number of seconds after which timed metering use of the asset begins The default value is 0 seconds. This may be used to express [OMA] Timed-Count semantics.
timeInterval Recurring period of time in which the usage may be exercised Interval value must conform to [ISO-8601] as represented in [W3CXMLSCHEMA]. For example, "P7D" indicates a 7 day period.
system
device
An identifiable computing system For example, identifiable via the CPU or unique hardware address.
version
The scope of versions for the asset
For example, Single Paperback, or Multiple Issues. This may be used to express [PLUS] semantics.
virtualLocation Specification of a digital locale For example, an Internet domain or IP address range

Vocabulary terms in the below table may be used as attribute in the attribute "operator" of the Constraint Entity.


Table 4: Terms for the attribute "operator" of the entity Constraint
Identifier Semantics
eq The "Equals" operator indicating that a given value equals the rightOperand of the Constraint
gt The "Greater Than" operator indicating that a given value is greater than the rightOperand of the Constraint
gteq The "Greater Than or Equal To" operator indicating that a given value is greater than or equal to the rightOperand of the Constraint
hasPart The "Has Part" operator indicating that a given value contains the rightOperand of the Constraint
isA The "Is A" operator indicating that a given value is an instance of the rightOperand of the Constraint
isAllOf The "Is All Of" operator indicating that a given value is all of the rightOperand of the Constraint
isAnyOf The "Is Any Of" operator indicating that a given value is any of the rightOperand of the Constraint
isNoneOf The "Is None Of" operator indicating that a given value is none of the rightOperand of the Constraint
isPartOf The "Is Part Of" operator indicating that a given value is contained by the rightOperand of the Constraint
lt The "Less Than" operator indicating that a given value is less than the rightOperand of the Constraint
lteq The "Less Than or Equal To" operator indicating that a given value is less than or equal to the rightOperand of the Constraint
neq The "Not Equal To" operator indicating that a given value is not equal to the rightOperand of the Constraint

2.4 Party and Role

For the Role entity, the Function and Scope attributes may be used for specific details undertaken by the identified Party in the policy.

Vocabulary terms in the below table may be used as the attribute "function" of the Role Entity.


Table 5: Terms for the attribute "function" of the entity Role
Identifier Semantics Comment
assigner The Party is the issuer of the policy statement Must be supported.
assignee The Party is the recipient of the policy statement Must be supported.
attributedParty The Party to be attributed May be specified as part of the attribute action.
consentingParty The Party to obtain consent from May be specified as part of the obtainConsent action.
informedParty The Party to be informed of all uses May be specified as part of the inform action.
payeeParty The Party is the recipient of the payment May be specified as part of the pay action.
trackingParty The Party is the usage tracker May be specified as part of the acceptTracking action.

The scope attribute indicates how to interpret the identified Party and provides contextual information in determining the extent of the policy statement. For example, if a Party is identified as a member of the Acme Social Network (using identifier urn:acme:user:billie) and they are the assignee with "allConnections" scope, then the group of individuals that have actually been assigned the permission consists of all the first-level connections (eg friends) that the identified Party has on that social network. That is, the social graph of the party starting from urn:acme:user:billie.

Vocabulary terms in the below table may be used as the attribute "scope" of the Role Entity.


Table 6: Terms for the attribute "scope" of the entity Role
Identifier Semantics Comment
individual The Party is a single individual Must be supported.
group The Party represents a defined group with multiple individual members Must be supported.
all All the collective individuals within a context For example, may be used to indicate all the users of a specific social network the party is a member of. Note that "group" scope is also assumed.
allConnections All the first-level connections of the Party For example, may be used to indicate all "friends" of the Party. Note that "group" scope is also assumed.
all2ndConnections All the second-level connections of the Party For example, may be used to indicate all "friends of friends" of the Party. Note that "group" scope is also assumed.
allGroups All the group connections of the Party For example, may be used to indicate all groups that the Party is a member of. Note that "group" scope is also assumed.

For the entity Party, it is recommended to use established standards for the party description such as [VCARD].

2.5 Asset and Relation

For the Asset entity, the Relation attributes must be used to specify the relationship of the Asset the the Policy.

Vocabulary terms in the below table may be used as the attribute "relation" of the Relation Entity.


Table 7: Terms for the attribute "relation" of the entity Relation
Identifier Semantics Comment
target The Asset is the primary object of the Policy This is the default value and must be supported.
outputUID Specifies the UID to be used for the output Asset For example, can indicate that a Translated Asset use a specific UID. This UID of the newly created Asset can then be used in other Permissions.

For the entity Asset, it is recommended to use established standards for the asset description such as [DC] or other standards relevant for the asset type.

3. Profiles (Informative)

The ODRL Core Model and Common Vocabulary represent the basic needs for policy expressibility. As a result, different communities will require less or more terms from the Common Vocabulary. Community Profiles that extend the ODRL Core Model or Common Vocabulary are expected to be developed that adequately document these changes in respect to the Common Vocabulary. Some requirements of this process include:

Acknowledgements

The editors gratefully acknowledge feedback and contributions to this document from:

References

[ODRL-MODEL] R. Iannella & S. Guth & H. Hundacker & D. Paehler & A. Kasten (eds). Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) Version 2.0 - Core Model. Draft Specification, ODRL Initiative, 17 February 2011. https://odrl.net/2.0/DS-ODRL-Model.html
[ODRL-11] R. Iannella (ed). Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL), Version 1.1. Technical Specification, ODRL Initiative, 8 August 2002. https://odrl.net/1.1/ODRL-11.pdf
[ODRL-REQ] S. Guth & R. Iannella (eds). Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) Version 2.0 Requirements (Working Draft), ODRL Initiative, https://odrl.net/2.0/v2req.html, 24 November 2004.
[RFC-2119] Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, S. Bradner. The Internet Society, March 1997. ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2119.txt
[VCARD] F. Dawson & T. Howes, vCard MIME Directory Profile, IETF, RFC 2426,September 1998. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt
[DC] The Dublin Core Metadata Intitiative http://dublincore.org
[OMA] Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Digital Rights Management V2.1 http://www.openmobilealliance.org/Technical/release_program/drm_v2_1.aspx
[CC] Creative Commons Initiative Licenses http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/
[PLUS] Picture Licensing Universal System (PLUS) License Data Format http://www.useplus.com/useplus/license.asp
[ISO-4217] ISO 4217 currency and funds name and code elements http://www.iso.org/iso/currency_codes_list-1
[BCP-47] Tags for Identifying Languages. IETF Best Current Practice, September 2009 http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt
[ISO-8601] ISO 8601 - Representation of dates and times http://www.iso.org/iso/date_and_time_format
[P3P] The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification. W3C Recommendation 16 April 2002http://www.w3.org/TR/P3P/
[W3CXMLSCHEMA] XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
[ONIX]
ONIX for Books - Release 3.0. EDItEUR, April 2009http://www.editeur.org/93/Release-3.0-Downloads/

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